Sangama is the confluence of two rivers – Arkavathi and Kaveri.

Mekadatu

Mekedatu

mekedatu

mekedatu

Sangama

• samba-common: Contains files needed by both client and server parts of Samba
• samba/samba-server : Contains Server side files
• samba-client : Contains client side files

 Services

• smbd :
  • Performs authentication,authorization,file and print sharing services
  • TCP Port 139
• nmbd :
  • Can act as a netbios name server as well as a WINS sever.
  • UDP  Ports 137 and 138     

Configuration:    

• All configurations are done by editing the /etc/samba/smb.conf file
• This file allows the users to view their linux home directories as a samba share on the windows after they login with the same username and password.
• To specify the windows workgroup and description string, edit the following lines in samba.conf file.

                                      Workgroup = <workgroup name>

                                      Server string = <brief comment on server>

• Replace <workgroup name> with the name of the windows workgroup to which the machine should belong
• The <brief comment> is optional and will be the windows comment about the samba server.

Create a Samba share directory:

• On the Linux machine , add the following lines to smb.conf file

                                    [sharename]

                                    Comment=<insert comment>

                                    Path=/home/share

                                    Validusers =  <user1 user2>

                                    Public = no

                                    Writable = yes

                                    Printable = no

• The above example will allows <user1> and <user2> to read and write to the directory /home/share on the samba server from a samba client.

Add Samba user and password:

• Samba authenticates its users through its local database. Once you have saved the changes to smb.conf , you need to add the users

                                      #useradd samba

• Since you enabled the encrypted password option in your smb.conf, you need to add the users with encrypted password.

                                    #smbpasswd -a samba 

                                     New SMB password:

                                     Retype new SMB password:

                                     Added user samba.

                                     Password changed for user samba

• Change the permission of the samba password file so that only root has read and write permissions.

                                      #chmod 600 /etc/samba/smbpasswd

Start the samba service:

                                    #Service smb start

 Connecting to a Samba share:

• To connect to a samba share from an MS Windows machine, use Network neighborhood or Windows Explorer

• To connect to a Samba share from a Linux system, from a shell type:

                                  #smbclient //hostname/sharename –u username

The Shivanasamudra Falls is on the Kaveri river after the river has wound its way through the rocks and ravines of the Decaan Plateau and drops off to form waterfalls. The island town of Shivanasamudra divides the river into twin waterfalls.

1.Gaganachukki

2. Bharachukki Falls:

Kaveri River- Bridge

River Kaveri

River Kaveri

Barachukki falls

Gaganachukki falls

Introduction

Subversion is a free/open-source version control system. Subversion manages files and directories, and the changes made to them, over time. This allows recovering older versions of data, or examining the history of how data changed. Subversion can operate across networks, which allows it to be used by people on different computers. At some level, the ability for various people to modify and manage the same set of data from their respective locations fosters collaboration. Progress can occur more quickly without a single conduit through which all modifications must occur. And because the work is versioned, if some incorrect change is made to the data, we can just undo that change.

Installation and Configuration

1. Pre-Installation Checks:

             Check the version of apache server:

                 If it is not v1.2 or later, then install the latest version.                             

                 # rpm –ivh httpd<version>.rpm

     2.    Set up WebDAV and enable domain based authentication and access   control to svn repositories.

           Install mod_dav_svn

                     # rpm –ivh mod_dav_svn-<version>.rpm

      3.Install subversion

                 # rpm –ivh subversion-<version>.rpm

     4. Configure subversion

                Create Repositories

                  The Subversion stores the content into so called repositories. So   create one or more repositories as per the requirement.

                 # mkdir /opt/Subversion

                 # cd /opt/Subversion

                 # svnadmin create Repository

                 #chown apache:apache /opt/Subversion/Repository -R

    5. Edit httpd.conf file

                    # vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

                      LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so

                      LoadModule dav_svn_module modules/mod_dav_svn.so

                      LoadModule authz_svn_module modules/mod_authz_svn.so

                     <Location “/Repository”>

                       DAV svn

                       SVNPath /opt/Subversion/Repository

                    </Location>

       6. Reload apache server

             #/etc/init.d/httpd reload

         7.Open the repository in browser window:

                http://subversion-server-IP/Repository

Cron :

o       A process or program which wakes up every minute and looks for jobs it has to execute at  that moment.

o       Allow you to run commands automatically at times specified by you.

o       To keep track of the schedules and tasks it has to run, Cron requires a file called Crontab (CRON TABle).

Crontab:

o       The list of jobs and times at which they have to execute.

o       All the Cron schedules and tasks should be stored in this table.

o       The Crontab files cannot be directly edited.

o       You can add or delete entries in the crontab file using the crontab command.

Crontab Format:

Adding and editing entries in Crontab

crontab –e

Viewing Crontab:

crontab –l

Removing crontab:

      crontab –r

Output from cron:

1. Set the MAILTO variable

Add the following command to the top of crontab

MAILTO=”your_email_address@domain.com”

2. Redirect output to a log file

0 18 * * * /home/user/backup.sh>>log.file

3. Redirect output to a null file

0 18 * * * /home/user/backup.sh>>/dev/null

• Users gain access to the system only after the system administrator has created user accounts for them.
• They also define the environment the user works under, including the level of access he or she has.

• Adding Users
  • Two ways:
    • Manually : create the necessary entries in the appropriate file, create the directories, and copy the start-up files manually
    • Addusercommand

• Account Creation
  • Adding a user to Linux system.
  • A shell is assigned along with the default configuration files that go with that shell.
  • Home directory is also assigned.

• User accounts:
  • When user accounts are created, each user is assigned a User Name (login name or logname), which is associated with a User ID (UID-Number to identify user).
  • Each is assigned to at least one group, with one group designated as their login group. Each group has an associated Group ID (GID-Number to identify login group of the user).
  • User accounts are defined in /etc/passwd and groups in /etc/group.

Runlevels define what services or processes should be running on the system. The init process can run the system in one of eight runlevels. The system runs only one of the eight runlevels at a time. The main runlevels are from 0 – 6.

Runlevels 1 and 2 are generally used for debugging purposed
only, and are not used during normal operations. Most desktop
linux distributions boot into runlevel 5, which starts up the
Graphical Login Prompt. This allows the user to use the system
with X-Windows server enabled. Most servers boot into runlevel
3, which starts the text based login prompt.

Linux runlevels can be changed on the fly using the init tool.
If you want to switch from text based operations to the
Graphical Interface, you just have to type in ‘telinit 5′ in the
root prompt. This will bring up the Graphical Interface in your
system.

Each runlevel can be configured by the system administrator. The
“/etc/inittab” file has information on which runlevel to start
the system at and lists the processes to be run at each runlevel.

Each runlevel has its own directory structure where you can
define the order in which the services start. These directories
are located in the /etc/rc.d/ directory, under which you have
rc1.d, rc2.d, rc3.d…. rc6.d directories where the number from
0 through 6 that corresponds to the runlevel. Inside each directory
are symbolic links that point to master initscripts found in
/etc/init.d or /etc/rc.d/init.d.

You can also change the runlevel at boot time. If your system uses
LILO as the boot manager, you can append the runlevel to the boot
command :
LILO: linux 3 or
LILO: linux 5

If your system uses GRUB, you can change the boot runlevel by
pressing the `e’ key to edit the boot configuration. append the
runlevel to the end of the boot command as shown:
kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda1 5